Browsing by Author "Simon-Oke IA"

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    A cross-sectional study of the prevalence, density, and risk factors associated with malaria transmission in urban communities of Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
    (2021) Awosolu OB; Yahaya ZS; Farah Haziqah MT; Simon-Oke IA; Fakunle C
    Background Malaria is a severe global public health challenge that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was designed to determine the prevalence, parasite density, and risk factors associated with malaria infection transmission among residents of two urban communities of Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Materials and methods A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out on 300 participants. Blood samples were obtained. Thick and thin blood films were prepared and viewed using the standard parasitological technique of microscopy. Moreover, data on sociodemographic and environmental variables were obtained using a pre-tested standard questionnaire. Results Of the 300 participants examined, a total of 165 (55.0%) were found positive for Plasmodium falciparum with a mean (S.D) parasite density of 1814.70 (1829.117) parasite/μL of blood. The prevalence and parasite density of malaria infection vary significantly (P < 0.05) with age group. Children <5 years old were more likely to have malaria infection and high parasite densities than adults (p < 0.05). Similarly, in relation to gender, males significantly (P < 0.05) had a higher prevalence (60.2%) and mean (S.D) parasite density of malaria infection [2157.73 (1659.570) parasite/μL of blood] compared to females. Additionally, those without formal education had the highest prevalence (73.0%) and mean (S.D) parasite density of infection [2626.96 (2442.195) parasite/μL of blood]. The bivariate logistic regression analysis shows that age group 6–10 (Crude Odds Ratio, COR 0.066, 95% CI: 0.007–0.635), presence of streams/rivers (COR 0.225, 95% CI: 0.103–0.492), distance from streams/rivers within ≤1 km (COR 0.283, 95% CI: 0.122–0.654) and travel to rural area (COR 4.689, 95% CI: 2.430–9.049) were the significant risk factors. Conclusions Malaria infection is prevalent in the study area and was greatly influenced by traveling activities from the rural areas to urban centers and vice versa. Multifaceted and integrated control strategy should be adopted. Health education on mosquito prevention and chemoprophylaxis before and during travel to rural areas are essential.
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    Incidence of urinary tract infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women in Akure, Nigeria
    (2019) Simon-Oke IA; Odeyemi O; Afolabi OJ
    Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common medical complications of pregnancy together with anemia and hypertension and it occurs approximately in 5–10% of all pregnancies. Objectives This study was carried out to evaluate the incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated microbes among pregnant women attending ante natal clinics in Akure, Nigeria. Methods A total of 300 clean midstream urine samples were collected in a clean universal bottle. The urine samples were cultured, Microbact identification system was used to identify the presence of bacteria. Results Out of the 300 urine samples cultured, 183(61.0%) showed significant growth of urinary pathogens while 117(39.0%) showed lack of growth and insignificant growth of urinary pathogens. Escherichia coli 58(31.7%) was the dominant pathogen isolated, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 32(17.5%), Staphylococcus aureus 27(14.8%), and the least isolated were Citrobacter freudii and Providencia retgerri 2(1.1%) and 2(1.1%), respectively. Gram negative bacteria showed 77.6%, 67.9% and 61.2% susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin, Augmentin and Chloramphenicol, respectively. Resistance against Septrin, Chloramphenicol, Sparfloxacin, Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Gentamycin, Pefloxacin, Trivid and Streptomycin were observed in the range 23.1% to 70.1%. Gram positive uropathogens showed high resistance to Amoxicillin (68.4%) and high susceptibility to the other antibiotics in the range 65.8% to 89.5%. Conclusion There is need to treat pregnant women with UTIs with proven antibiotics that microbes are susceptible to in order to combat the evolution of resistant pathogens. Routine microbiological analysis and antibiotic sensitivity test of urine samples of pregnant women should be carried out so as to enhance the treatment and management of UTIs.
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    Prevalence and distribution of malaria, Pfcrt and Pfmdr 1 genes in patients attending FUT Health Centre, Akure, Nigeria
    (2018) Simon-Oke IA; Obimakinde ET; Afolabi OJ
    This research evaluated the distribution of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) and Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistant (Pfmdr1) mutant genes among patients attending FUTA Health Centre. The research was carried out between December 2015 and February 2016. One hundred and forty (140) patients coming for malaria test were examined out of which 74 (52.86%) were males and 66 (47.14%) were females. Malaria test was done by thick blood film microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. PCR technique was used to detect Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 mutant genes of P. falciparum. Information about sex, age, status and date of collection of each patient were collected. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used for analysis. Out of 140 blood samples that were tested, 100 (71%) were positive for malaria infection. The percentage distribution of malaria infection among male and female patients was 54 (72.97%) and 46 (69.70%) respectively with no significant difference (P=0.668). The prevalence of Pfcrt (95%) and Pfmdr1 (45%) showed significant difference (P=0.001). The research revealed high prevalence of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 mutant genes of P. falciparum among patients which may be as a result of treatment of malaria with Chloroquine and other medication which the parasite have formed resistance against. It is therefore important to administer other malaria drugs apart from the drugs the parasite have formed resistance against.