Browsing by Author "Ajayi BO"

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    Activation of NF-kB mediates up-regulation of cerebellar and hypothalamic pro-inflammatory chemokines (RANTES and MCP-1) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in acute edible camphor administration
    (2019) Somade OT; Ajayi BO; Adeyi OE; Aina BO; David BO; Sodiya ID
    Edible camphor (EC) infusions are continually used as an aphrodisiac among other roles. In previous studies, EC had been reported to cause convulsion and seizure in rats. There is a dearth of information associating or relating its consumption to brain inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of various doses of EC in an acute study, on hypothalamic and cerebellar levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in male Wistar rats. Following administration, cerebellar levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were significantly increased by 2000 and 4000 mg/kg EC, while hypothalamic TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly elevated by all the tested doses, and IL-6 level by only 2000 and 4000 mg/kg when compared with control. Besides, EC administration resulted in a significant increase in the expressions of cerebellar and hypothalamic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and monocyte chemo-attractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in a dose-dependent manner compared with control. Therefore, the misuse and overconsumption of EC could trigger cerebellar and hypothalamic inflammation via EC-induced activation of NF-kB and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators.
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    Moringa oleifera leaf fractions attenuated Naje haje venom-induced cellular dysfunctions via modulation of Nrf2 and inflammatory signalling pathways in rats
    (2021) Adeyi AO; Ajisebiola BS; Adeyi OE; Adekunle O; Akande OB; James AS; Ajayi BO; Yusuf PO; Idowu BA
    Naja haje envenoming could activate multiple pathways linked to haematotoxic, neurological, and antioxidant systems dysfunctions. Moringa oleifera has been used in the management of different snake venom-induced toxicities, but there is no scientific information on its antivenom effects against Naja haje. This study thus, investigated the antivenom activities of different extract partitions of M. oleifera leaves against N. haje envenoming. Forty five male rats were divided into nine groups (n = 5). Groups 2 to 9 were envenomed with 0.025 mg/kg (LD50) of N. haje venom while group 1 was given saline. Group 2 was left untreated, while group 3 was treated with polyvalent antivenom, groups 4, 6 and 8 were treated with 300 mg/kg−1 of N-hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol partitions of M. oleifera, respectively. Groups 5, 7 and 9 were also treated with 600 mgkg−1of the partitions, respectively. Ethanol extract and ethyl acetate partition of M. oleifera significantly improved haematological indices following acute anaemia induced by the venom. Likewise, haemorrhagic, haemolytic and anti-coagulant activities of N. haje venom were best inhibited by ethanol partition. Envenoming significantly down-regulated Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) with the consequent elevation of antioxidant enzymes activities in the serum and brain. Treatment with extract partitions however, elevated Nrf2 levels while normalising antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, there were reduction in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and interleukin-1β) in tissues of treated envenomed rats. This study concludes that ethanol partition of M. oleifera was most effective against N. haje venom and could be considered as a potential source for antivenom metabolites.
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    Renal and testicular up-regulation of pro-inflammatory chemokines (RANTES and CCL2) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) following acute edible camphor administration is through activation of NF-kB in rats
    (2019) Somade OT; Ajayi BO; Safiriyu OA; Oyabunmi OS; Akamo AJ
    Camphor-induced oxidative stress and histopathological changes (in brain, lung, liver, kidney and testes) have been reported. We therefore investigated the effect of various doses of camphor in an acute study, on renal and testicular levels of some pro-inflammatory mediators in male wistar rats. Twenty rats divided into four groups of five rats each were used in this study. Group 1 served as control and was administered 6 mL/kg olive oil, the vehicle for camphor, while groups 2, 3 and 4 were orally administered 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg body weight camphor, for seven days. Compared with control, levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were significantly increased kidney and testes by 2000 and 4000 mg/kg body weight, while interleukin 10 (IL-10) was only significantly increased by 1000 mg/kg body weight of camphor in both tissues. Also compared with control, all doses of camphor administered resulted in a significant increase in the expressions of renal and testicular nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and monocyte chemo-attractant protein 1 (MCP-1). Conclusively, use and consumption of camphor should be with caution as it could trigger renal and testicular inflammation through activation of NF-kB and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers.